Cyber crime Laws and The Financial analysis applications Use In Saudi Essay

Cyber crime Laws and The Financial analysis applications Use In Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The Holy Quran did not assert the penalties and laws for computer crimes; however, it tackles public sanctions like theft, adultery, murder and other sanctions. Thus, an Anti-Crime act exists to fight cyber crimes ("Cybercrime and the Law: An Islamic View," n.d.). It also establishes the level of every crime and the resultant harm. For instance (stealing from bank accounts and stealing of the personal videos or pictures from computer) they are under the theft law but there are diverse effects of everyone, so the penalty of every one of them has to be unlike. In all other countries, the laws of the age of children must be less than 18 but Saudi Arabia has 15 members of the Shoura Council who suggests that the age to be less than 15. According to research, 20% of the children in Saudi Arabia are exposed to pornography crime each year. A number of websites availed pornography and scratch the Islamic principles, are blocked as directed by Saudi Arabia Internet Services (www.internet.gov.sa). Cyber Terrorism crime is classified under the distribution of corruption. Research concerning computer crime along with computer ethics is same (Wild, 2011). The aptitude of writing on computer ethics with related areas to make a detailed perceptive of inequalities that surround the field of information technology is greatly affected by types of technological liberalism and determinism. Computer crimes happen in many diverse forms, ranging from child pornography to cyber stalking. Cyber stalking is stalking behavior done by means of some feature of information technologies. The ever rising internet use by criminals has led a rush of legislation along with other interests. Regrettably, in spite of a number of high-profile instances reported both on the Internet and in print media, the topic is yet to be given systematic investigation against a suitable theoretical structure. Such a theoretical

MCDonalds Essay Example for Free

MCDonalds Essay Strategy and Repositioning the Brand McDonald’s in India Sameer, Sharanbir Kaur Abstract- Despite global slowdown, Indian economy is resurgent and offers fresh opportunities as well as challenges to global players. McDonald‘s still treats the Indian market as one of their young markets although what they have achieved in 15 years here, it would usually take them 25 to 30 years in another market. McDonald‘s philosophy of Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value (QSCV) is the guiding force behind its stellar service to the customers. However there is still a huge potential in the Indian food market that remains untapped in terms of family restaurants, quick service restaurants and breakfast eateries. Coming in the wake of these, their rebranding effort requires much more than a mere change of the logo or signage. There is a need to critically evaluate the right marketing mix. The article is focused upon assessing the marketing efforts in India in terms of positioning of McDonald‘s. Index Terms- Rebranding, Repositioning, Demography, Marketing Mix I. FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IN INDIA T he Indian fast food industry has evolved over time and always has been in line with the needs of people of all ages and segments. There are enterprises which scale from one room outlet to a chain having hundreds of outlets like McDonalds in India. As per new research report ? Indian Fast Food Market Analysis? , India is blessed with one of the fastest growing fast food markets in the world. The Indian fast food market is growing at an annual growth rate of 30-35%. Almost all big fast food brands of the world have succeeded in making their presence felt in the country and most of them posting an appreciable growth. Although the market has witnessed robust growth in the past couple of years, it remains largely under penetrated and concentrated in the metropolitan cities. However, there is large room for growth in tier-II cities, tier-III cities which are mostly untapped. Therefore, the future of Indian fast food industry lies in masses that live in tier-II and tier-III cities. In 2013, the global fast food market is forecasted to have a value of $200 billion, an increase of 29. 3% and a volume of 94. 7 billion transactions, an increase of 10. 4% since 2008. The consumer spending on processed food has increased at an average rate of 7. 6 per cent annually from 2008 to 2010 and this is expected to rise at an average of around 8. 6 per cent until 2012, according to a report by Assocham. Almost all big fast food brands of the world have succeeded in making their presence felt in the country and most of them are posting appreciable growth. It is estimated through the Euromonitor International and Credit Suisse Emerging Consumer Survey, that the average Indian spends just $ 11 as compared to his Chinese counterpart who would ideally spend $ 20 on fast food. Yet , if we see the Indian spending on food in totality , they spend 23 % of their earnings on the same while the Chinese spending is 20 %. So, the inference that can be drawn is that owing to the eating pattern of Indians they prefer to eat at home and would spend on cooking ingredients over fast food. However, this does not spell good news for the industry. It is set to witness the entry of new fast food players that plan to hit the Indian market with a vengeance with international giants like Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks being amongst them. II. THE COMPETITION People prefer fast food because its cheap, easy to prepare, and heavily promoted. India is a developing country with 2 percent of organized and 98 percent of unorganized sector. So most of the fast foods that came into Indian market as India has a high growth in every sector. Major players in fast food in India are: McDonald’s KFC Pizza Hut Dominos Cafe Coffee Day Barista More than 75% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent locals. McDonald‘s product line in India is almost similar to other burger chains with a dominant Indian flavour. Perhaps, it would be correct to say that their only similarity with their foreign outlets is that they have French Fries and still use buns. Examining the immense Indianzation they have attempted in their menu here it wouldn‘t be surprising to see Indian Chapatis in place of buns. Their current offerings reflect the same. www. ijsrp. org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 2 Table I : Present Menu for McDonald’s India Menu Ranges Burgers and other Bites Spicy Delights McSpicyPaneer ExtraValue Meals Chicken McNuggets Meal McAloo Tikki Happy Price Menu Breakfast Menu Favourites Sausage McMuffin with egg French Fries McAloo Tikki Happy Meal Meals Source: McDonaldsIndia. com Desserts Big Spicy Paneer Wrap Filet O Fish Meal Maharaja Mac Meal McVeggie /McChicken Meal Chicken McGrill Beverages McSwirl Iced tea/ Cold Coffee Minute Maid Pulpy Orange/ Cappucino/ Tea Soft Serve (Strawberry /Chocolate) Veg Supreme Veg Pizza McPuff Veg McMuffin Sausage McMuffin Pancakes Filet O Fish Chicken Maharaja Mac Chicken McGrill Meal McChicken/ McVeggie McVeggie Meal McFlurry McChicken meal III. BUSINESS MODEL The Business Model of McDonald‘s is a franchise-based model coupled with strong corporate branding. The focus is on the branding of McDonald‘s as a globally accepted service provider with strong customer perception about: www. ijsrp. org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 3 Happy Employees means Happy Customers McDonald’s Efforts of repositioning its Brand-Recently, McDonalds management has decided to change itsstrategies. They now want to provide not only a place to sit and eat but also an experience that can be enjoyed by their customers. Figure 1: The Service Marketing Triangle Zeithaml and Bitner (1996 ) McDonald‘s realized very early in their business that in order to achieve happiness amongst customers;the possible route is through happy, motivated and committed employees. In accordance with this they played on the customer first strategy. Even in India, their efforts clearly indicated that they were keen to understand the Indian consumer. Hence they adapted themselves to tickle the taste buds of their Indian customers to become a brand that enjoys a very high brandrecall. Therefore they focused on internal as well as external marketing. The level of importance has changed to be in the following order (the most important people arenow at the top). Corporate Branding The marketers are shifting the branding efforts from their product brands to a more holistic corporate branding . The reason for the shift can be traced to the belief that, it is the corporate image that carries a great impact on the buyers who are more aware and more exposed to media coverage on various issues be it environmental responsibility, being corporate social responsibility or be it responsibility towards health of future generation. McDonald‘s describe a corporate branding framework that is based on three elements: Figure 2: McDonald’s Service Pyramid Figure 3: Corporate Branding Source: Hatch and Schultz (2003)), â€Å"Bringing the Corporation into Corporate Branding†, European Journal of Marketing, The recent McDonald‘s rebranding strategy is a part of this thought and vision. McDonald‘s road to success has not always been rosy. They have been at the receiving end of the media‘s onslaught. There was a huge uproar in US after media exposure against McDonald‘s unhealthy menu that was affecting the nation and leading it to a generation suffering from obesity and heart diseases among many more ailments. There were employment issues internally which showed that they did not treat their workers well. Hence they assessed their strategies again and came up with new objectives that strengthened their previous aims and gave a new direction to them as well. www. ijsrp. org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 4 McDonald’s Marketing Efforts Over the Years – Proactive Rebranding – A Proactive strategy includes a new line of business or market that does not conform to the existing brand identity. When McDonald‘s once referred to itself as Mickey D‘s to target kids in a commercial, it had just coined a new way of catering to an audience separate from its traditional family audience. Objectives of McDonalds Repositioning StrategyMcDonalds, the promise of American fast food anywhere in the world, has had to rethink and reposition its brand offerings in different countries. While some basic elements like Ronald were left in place the menu underwent an overhaul. For example, in India, the menu has no beef dishes since it is not considered religiously correct to eat cow‘s meat: there is the very popular McAlooTikki, a potato-based patty in burger buns; the Big Mac is replaced by the Maharaja Mac, the Big Mac in chicken; there is also the paneer (cottage cheese) McVeggie burger. The Italian McDonalds has a special coffee spot. To celebrate its 20th anniversary in China, McDonalds rebranded under the Make Room for Happiness campaign. They had all you want coffee refills; Wi-Fi and a more modern restaurant design were unveiled. This was done exclusively for China, where McDonalds positioned itself as a place to relax away from the high demands of the average Chinese‘s life. Its Im Lovin It slogan made way for Make Room for Happiness, and McDonalds became the place where the stressed young Chinese can spend quality time rejuvenating after working for long hours. The result was an 18% increase in sales, and an increasing legion of fans that is fueling McDonalds growth in China. McDonald’s Changing Markets Changing Strategies Decades after its launch, the Big Mac is changing colours, literally. The worlds largest fast-food chain is letting go of its familiar red-and-yellow colours for more muted tones as it goes for its biggest and costliest revamp in the country, in line with its global strategy of attracting more adults. For the next generation of consumers McDonald‘s plans to cultivate a very different image from its existing one. After revamping 280 stores in various markets last year, McDonalds is now opting for the Tampa model and will spread that design to upwards of 800 locations this year — roughly triple what it did last year. The company is donning a new look when India is on its way of becoming a global hotspot for food retailers, with chains like Starbucks, Burger King planning to enter the country. Some McRemodel highlights include : †¢Redoing roofs The bright red roofs that have topped McDonalds for several decades are getting the heave, replaced with flatter, more conventional roofs. †¢Muting paint The neon yellows and reds common to the interiors and exteriors are becoming history, replaced with much more subtle oranges, reds, yellows and even greens. †¢Updating chairs Those industrial steel chairs are giving way to wooden chairs, colorful stools and, in some cases, vinylcovered chairs that resemble leather. Some stores will have larger lounge chairs similar to the kind you might expect to find in a coffee shop. †¢Doubling drive-through To ease lines inside and outside stores, many locations are adding second drive-through windows to speed up service. †¢Splashing colour McDonalds hasnt junked its familiar red and yellow colors altogether, but it is making them far less obvious. Instead of filling the restaurants with them, its splashing bright yellow and red here and there for effect. †¢Dividing dining areas The sea of tables and chairs is history in the remodelled stores. The new dining rooms are divided into separate eating zones for larger groups, eat-and-run customers and folks who want to stay and lounge. †¢Adding flat-screens TVs Large, flat-screen TVs — some playing contemporary music — are showing up in many locations, though fewer than half of the remodelled stores will display them. The new design makes the customer feel more comfortable and at leisure to enjoy their surroundings. This offers to McDonald‘s two key opportunities- firstly, to shift to another www. ijsrp. org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 customer base with high spending power and then to broaden their menu with offerings at a higher price point. Risks Involved When a global organization like McDonalds is going in for rebranding, a lot of financing is involved and the global impact is huge. Though the step taken by the managers of McDonalds is well calculated but speculations are on till the time it doesn‘t fair well in the market and most importantly to the customers. This kind of rebranding in the Indian Food Industry can help change the image of McDonald‘s completely like in the case of Pizza Hut, which has become a part of fine dining segment, which it was not earlier. The Indian consumer is considered to be loyal but still the risks involved are high. 1. A trade-off between what is expected from a company and what a company has to gain from the consumers One can see that one facet raises the scale while the other weighs it down making it a tough task. In order to sustain the balance, it requires big investments which will surely add to the costs incurred in the rebranding. If the rebranding falls flat, it will result in a major profit decline. 2. Store positioning McDonald‘s needs to have the most current information to determine if present outlets are cannibalizing each other‘s business. To achieve this McDonald‘s team willneed comprehensive, demographic data of India along with both theirs and competitors‘ outlets. IV. CONCLUSION The task is mammoth as McDonald‘s tries to keep up in the race for a piece of the great Indian pie . As per Forbes , McDonald‘s India operations contribute 30 % to their sales which is a considerable share. It might become imperative to create a Point of Difference to fight it out in the Indian market as all fast food brands have modelled themselves on local flavours now , the latest being KFC with its ? Streetwise‘ menu. While McDonald‘s does have the edge with its excellent supply chain and distribution network the customer ultimately does become the king with low brand loyalty in this category being the generalisation . The rebranding effort on their part seeks to bring 5 in a new flavour to their brand offering but what remains to be seen is whether they are still able to strike a chord with the customer. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to the people who assisted us in this endeavour of ours. First and foremost , we would like to thank Mr. Praveen Gupta, HOD , Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management for his valuable time and support. Also, a special mention to the staff of McDonald‘s Jor Bagh, Delhi who was very patient and helpful during our visits to the outlet for the study. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Lovelock,Wirtz and Chatterjee ,? Services Marketing ? , in Plastics ,Sixth Edition ,India , Pearson , 2010 , pp. 66-98 , pp. 340-372 Aaker, D. A. (2004b), ? Leveraging the Corporate Brand? , California Management Review, 46 (3), pp. 6-18 Bijoor, H. , ? A Time to Rebuild? , Business India, February 20,2011 pp. 48. Hatch, M. J. and Schultz, ? Bringing the Corporation into Corporate Branding ? , European Journal of Marketing, 2003, 37 (7/8), pp. 1041-1064. Jacquelline, B. and Kline,S ,? From McLibel to McLettuce: Childhood, Spin and Re-branding? ,2007 , Society and Business Review, 2(1)

Gender Norming Essay -- essays research papers fc

Gender Norming What exactly is a standard? According to Webster’s dictionary, a standard is a level of quality or excellence that is accepted as the norm or by which actual attainments are judged. Standards are created because someone believes that a fair and efficient form of doing something is necessary. The military is full of these standards. One of the most widely known is the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). It tests the maximum amount of push-ups and sit-ups a person can do in two minutes. Along with completing a two-mile run in the allotted time prescribed. The APFT is different from any other standardized test I have ever seen. It is painfully obvious that the test is severely skewed in the females favor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About fifteen years ago, â€Å"a group of sports medicine experts in the Army decided that the standards for the females in the APFT were not fair† (www.us.army.mil/athleticmed.html). They believe that overall some parts of the body were weaker on females than in males, and that a new test could help females be equals in the military. This is despite the fact the women had been doing the APFT for years with out a problem, and no complaints were ever filed. Never the less, a physical fitness board was created in order to research a fairer standard. After several years of research, the board eventually came up with what is now the current APFT. They created a process called gender norming. Their hope was that this would set the bar for ...

Religion Essay -- Philosophy, God

â€Å"Truth, in matters of religion, is simply the opinion that has survived,† was a statement made by Oscar Wilde. (Dawkins, pg. 222) In Richard Dawkins book, â€Å"The God Delusion,† regards the argument of the supernatural being in religion being not feasible. Richard Dawkins proposes his argument â€Å"with rigor and wit, Dawkins eviscerates the arguments for religion and demonstrates the supreme improbability of the existence of a supreme being.† (Dawkins, 2008) Moreover, the author uses vital assessments by allocating the origins of the religion, analysis of the Darwinian natural selection and other metaphysicists that are the contemporary reasoning for phenomenal causes, and the justification of God’s existence. Therefore, the purpose of this novel is to question and scrutinize our religious beliefs. This was shown when Charles Simony, a professor, had said, â€Å"This brilliantly argued, provocative book challenges all of us to examine our belief s, no matter what beliefs we hold† (Dawkins, 2008). Thus, this book is written for people who want to engage in the contemporary world of religion and science. An acknowledgement made by Seed stated, â€Å"A powerful argument for how to think about the place of religion in the modern world. It ‘s going to be a classic† (Dawkins, 2008). In addition, this book would most likely attract atheists because of the challenge of God’s existence in religion through the examination of the roles of religion and scientific explanations. The Economist stated, â€Å"Everyone should read it. Atheists will love Mr. Dawkins incisive logic and rapier wit, and theists will find few better tests of the robustness of their faith. Even agnostics, who claim to have no opinion on God, may be persuaded that their position is an unte... ... authoritative beliefs called â€Å"doctrine†), practices (including formalized rituals), and social institutions.† (bowen, 2011) There are many atheists within our contemporary society especially in North America which the debate of religion and science more prominent. In addition, within this book he uses many notable scientists and significant figures that are excellent proofs that support his argument. In my opinion, overall, the book was an eye-opener and the content was very engaging. In addition, when reading this novel, I felt like I agreed with some of the statements that Dawkins had proposed, in n particular, the natural selection of Darwinan theory. Therefore, this book is very persuasive and puts a new perspective on religion. Overall, the author reached their objectives because he was very convincing and included support and evidence throughout the novel.

The Power of Poetic Discourse

Poetry serves as a potent tool in providing insight, as it expresses universal themes and universal sentiments that enlightens readers. The poem of Countee Cullen entitled, â€Å"Yet Do I Marvel,† is one such piece of literature. In the first reading, the first eight lines of the poem, the octave, seems to illustrate examples of injustices. Cullen begins the poem by establishing that he does not doubt the goodness, the kindness, of God; but he questions the acts of God.Acts which seem to be incredulous, like creating the mole to be blind and yet making the creature toil and work without sight; making humans appear like him, but making them mortal; and handing down cruel punishments, as in the cases of Tantalus and Sisyphus, Greek mythological figures who suffer cruel punishments. Upon examination of the verses, however, the reader understands that these examples are not illustrations of injustice; they are instead illustrations that God is wise enough to render entities and ev ents in their current state.It is only right for the mole to be blind, because his natural task is to burrow hole underground, where sight is not necessary. It is only right for human beings to be mortal, because the soul is more important than the flesh, and without death, spiritual fulfillment could not be realized. It is only right for Tantalus to suffer hunger and thirst because his immoral act of stealing the food of the Gods, and presenting his son as a food offering was a terrible crime. It is only right for Sisyphus to work on a never-ending task because he was overly ambitious and vain to aim for eternal life.Following this insight, the reader is led to the thought that the last six lines, the sestet, offer the resolution that it is only right for a poet to be black and for God to, â€Å"bid him sing† (line 14, Cullen) because it is only appropriate for a black poet to express and articulate his hopes, his dreams and his sentiments about his people and about his race . Cullen clearly emphasizes the power of poetic discourse in this poem, a power he wielded during his time as an important Harlem Renaissance figure. Poetic Discourse Page 03 References (Please cite your source)

buy custom Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome essay

buy custom Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome essay Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that attacks the human immune system and renders it ineffective. It makes people more vulnerable to contracting various infections of the body like; diseases, opportunistic infections, tumors, and many other infections that do not easily affect people with a normally working immune system. Briefly, AIDS is a multiple-edge killer disease that kills at every opportunity it gets. Since its discovery in the 1980s, specialists have tried to end the misery of AIDS patients by trying to find a cure for the disease, but this has been unsuccessful. Instead, they have managed to come up with drugs that control the disease by preventing chances opportunistic infections. However, these drugs are either very expensive or completely inaccessible to a larger portion of the infected population. That is why researchers have speculated that come 2030, AIDS will be the third largest killer disease in the globe. Nonetheless, with this dreaded disease everyone is trying to be careful. People are looking at what may put them into the risk of contracting this infection and finding the best way to protect themselves rather than ending up in the hopeless point of lifelong treatment of the disease, which is also very expensive. With regards to that, it is important to note that AIDS is transmitted through many ways such as; vaginal, oral, or anal sex; blood transfusion, hypodermic needles; and exchange from the mother to child during pregnancy, birth, and breastfeeding. Although AIDS does not discriminate based on age group, culture, gender, and race, young people, especially between twenty and thirty years of age, and say in America would be at risk of contracting the infection because of certain circumstances that are mostly related to this group. These are; unprotected vaginal or anal sex with an infected person, sharing piercing equipment like needles, oral sex, blood transfusion, and any form of contact with the mucous membrane or bloodstream with a bodily fluid that has the virus. In conclusion, having learnt the risks of contracting the infection and knowing that I am not exempted from it, I know that I am also at risk. In effect, there are protective measures that an individual would take to avoid the risk of being infected with AIDS. First, and a sure way of avoiding the infection through sexual intercourse is abstinence from sexual activity. However, if someone has to engage in an activity of sexual nature then it is important that they use protective measures like condoms to prevent any exchange of infected bodily fluids. Alternatively, sexual partners must do a test to determine their HIV status before engaging in any sexual encounter. Nonetheless, while using piercing equipment, it is important for an individual to ensure that the tools are not shared with anyone, or that they are thoroughly sanitized. Apart from that, during blood transfusion, the recipient patient should make sure that the blood is thoroughly screened for HIV and other infections befo re it is injected into their bloodstream. These are some of the few preventive measures against HIV. Buy custom Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome essay

Hells Angles and Deviance Essays

Hells Angles and Deviance Essays Hells Angles and Deviance Paper Hells Angles and Deviance Paper List three ways in which the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club is deviant. Their vest and patches they wear. They engage in non-conformist behavior including anti-social, unpredictable and criminal behavior. The members of this club would not Join traditional associations. The places they choose to spend their time and the way they conduct themselves. For example they are known to be bar flys and have the tendency to intimidate, scare and bully non club members. . List three ways in which the Hells Angels Motorcycle club s allegedly criminal. The club is often known to be alleged for committing violent crimes, dealing drugs, and trafficking in stolen goods. Extortion and being in the prostitution industry are more allegations. The most common crime that the Hells Angels are accused of is murdering their rivals. It has been said they use grenades, bombs, guns, knives, or whatever deadly weapon they can get their hands on. They are well known to use ball ping hammers being that they are legal and easy to carry while riding a motorcycle. 3. List three ways the members of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club are conformists. Many of the members attend well known community social events. They like to hold fund raisers, go on group road trips, and throw elegant parties in their up-scale living environments. They hold rides for charity such as Toys for Tots. They stick together like family. No matter what chapter you are from you are still a Hells Angel and everyone looks out for one another.

Christmas Math Word Problem Worksheets

Christmas Math Word Problem Worksheets Word problems can be perceived as the dreaded bane of your students existence, or they can be a walk in the park. The amount of practice your students have working with word problems affects their confidence level in this area.   Design Christmas word problem worksheets that are suitable for second and third-grade students. The sample questions adhere to math standards for those grades. Most of these word problems focus on number sense.   Heres some simple math for you. If word problems  are applied in real-world scenarios that children enjoy, the likelihood increases that they will find the problems easy to solve. Easy Christmas Math Word Problems In terms of fun word problem scenarios, you can incorporate Christmas  themes into the problems. Most children enjoy the Christmas season, even those who dont celebrate the holiday. Images of jolly snowmen and Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer delight children during this time. Now, pair Christmas-based situations with math word problems to delight young students. Students at a very young age need to practice solving problems when the unknown value is at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the word problem. Using this strategy will help children become better problem-solvers and critical thinkers. Before you assign word problems to your students, make sure that you vary the types of questions. The variety will help create good thinking habits among your students. Second Grade For second grade worksheets, you will note that addition and subtraction problems are the most appropriate. One strategy to help students in the younger grades to think critically is to consider changing where the unknown value is. For instance, look at the following question: For Christmas, you got 12 candy canes in your stocking and 7 from the tree. How many candy canes do you have? Now, look at this transposition of a word problem: You wrapped 17 presents and your brother wrapped 8 presents. How many more presents did you wrap? Third Grade By third grade, your students have started to get comfortable with fractions, multiplication, and division. Try incorporating some of these elements into your third-grade worksheets. For example, your string of Christmas lights has 12 bulbs on it, but 1/4 of the bulbs don’t work. How many bulbs do you have to buy to replace the ones that don’t work? The Value of Words Word problems take math understanding to the next level. By meshing reading comprehension skills with everything already learned in mathematics, your students are becoming critical problem solvers. Real-world scenarios show students why they need to learn math, and how to solve the real problems they will encounter. Help connect these dots for your students. Word problems are an important assessment tool for teachers. If your students are able to comprehend and solve word problems, it shows you that your students are grasping the math being taught to them. Kudos for the guidance you provide. Your hard work is paying off.

Critically assess Wildavksy's theory of the two presidencies (one Essay

Critically assess Wildavksy's theory of the two presidencies (one foreign and one domestic) with reference to at least two spe - Essay Example However, in their domestic and foreign policies, they differed tremendously in goals, strategies, and focuses. Each president faced a different world: President Kennedy encountered a nation in the 1960s in which the United States had to defend itself against the threat of nuclear annihilation and the plague of Communism whereas President Obama faced a society in 2009 ravaged with its worst economic crisis and financial uncertainty in its history. In selecting the inaugural speeches of these two prominent presidents, this paper will analyze Wildavsky’s dual presidency theory, looking both at their domestic and foreign policies. Analysis of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy (1961) The 1960s ushered in an era in American history that would greatly challenge its citizens, who would question on every level the very foundations of the United States. It was a nation that had safeguarded its preeminent position since World War II as the greatest country in the world, which rivaled in power and influence the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R). The nation gladly embraced, with open arms and excited anticipation, the election of the energetic and charismatic Catholic senator as their new president, who made them feel young and vibrant and embodied the best hopes of Americans to maintain their national and international preeminence. President Kennedy sought for the United States to assume its global mission of being the leader of the free world and human rights (Whitehouse 2011). In his inaugural speech (See Appendix I) of 1961, President John F. Kennedy, who became the thirty-fifth president of the United States, articulated the fundamental issues and policies that his administration would address during his presidency. His speech embodied three major themes: 1). conciliatory tone, 2). emphasis on foreign issues/policies, 3). patriotic/nationalistic ideals. Analysis of the Inaugural Speech of President John F. Kennedy (1961) The first chief theme of the speech of President Kennedy reflected his conciliatory tone. Employing very effective rhetorical language, he uses conciliatory verbs, such as â€Å"pledge† (which he used over and over again) in his masterpiece. He cites the verb â€Å"pledge† eight times throughout his speech. What message is he trying to convey to his audience by constantly using the verb â€Å"pledge†? â€Å"Pledge† meant to commit strongly to a cause, place, ideal, nation, person, organization, etc. As a promise, vow, or oath, the verb, â€Å"pledge,† represented a word loaded with connotative and denotative meanings. Even the American anthem used the word â€Å"pledge† in its opening sentence, i.e. â€Å"we pledge allegiance to †¦Ã¢â‚¬  President Kennedy employs this rhetorical device to evoke- among his fellow Americans- the sentiments of nationalism and patriotism to the nation. Moreover, by expressing himself with the word â€Å"pledge,† he also shows his conciliatory tone in his speech. What is he pledging to his people? He pledges to maintain a free nation and world. He also employs other mild and conciliatory verbs throughout his speech, for instance, â€Å"ask,† â€Å"explore,† â€Å"begin,† â€Å"offer,† â€Å"formulate,† â€Å"seek,† â€Å"unite,† â€Å"join,† etc. (Kennedy, 1961, pp. 1-3). Why did President Kennedy adopt this conciliatory rhetorical devices

Phonetics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phonetics - Assignment Example Contrary, a monophthong is a pure vowel sound whose articulation at the beginning and the end is comparatively fixed. In his research, Yousef candidly states that Arabic is currently the world’s 2nd most spoken language considering the large number of people who speak it all over the world. Disparagingly, it has received less attention from researchers and scholars and little has been done in reference to its acoustics. The (MSA)Modern Standard Arabic has two diphthongs -/ay/ Ø £Ã™Å "" , with the glide beginning from the vowel /a/ to consonant /y/ as evident in the word /bayt/Ø ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª. The second diphthong is -/aw/ "Ø £Ã™Ë†" where the glide begins from /a/ to /w/ as in / nawm / (sleep) (Odisho, 2005). Noteworthy, its diphthongs are a combination of consonant and vowel. Moreover, further research indicates that it is Lebanese dialect that is conserving the original pronunciations having /e/ and /o/ as the only diphthongs. The other dialects within Arabic have been tainted with dialectical speeches and do not preserve this original articulation but contain the aforementioned diphthongs. English has eight diphthongs divided into two; centering and closing diphthongs. Centering diphthongs end with a glide -/É ªÃ‰â„¢/ towards /É™/, the central vowel. At the beginning of the glide, the tongue position is at /I/ and moves towards /É™/ as found in ‘beer’. Other centering diphthongs are -/ÊŠÉ™/ and -/ eÉ™/ as found in ‘sure’ and ‘chair’ respectively. The closing diphthongs end with a slither towards / ÊŠ/ or /i/. Such diphthongs include -/ei/, -/É”É ª/, -/ai/, -/əʊ/ and -/aÊŠ/ (Odisho, 2005). Moreover, the MSA and English have monophthongs that are at times confused or merged with diphthongs. MSA stands out with only 3 monophthongs as indicated in figure 1 below. Arabic depends on the 3 monophthongs in all its constructions and this indicate why the language is sometimes perceived to be limited in application although a

Violence against Children and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Violence against Children and the Law - Essay Example Various inter-agencies, state as well as the federal governments have been adopting measures in attempt to curb this menace though they are faced by numerous challenges that make protecting children a difficult and almost an impossible task. There are numerous factors that significantly make the process of protecting children a difficult task. Some of them include the element of poor management of state and federal funds, lack of cooperation from the public, the high turnover rate for children protective services staffing and poor staff training, difficulty in proving that a minor is been abused as well as lack of adequate state children custodies just to mention a few (Mallon and Hess 68). Many people find it difficult to report a case of child abuse to the authorities thus completely frustrating the process of identifying and apprehending perpetrators. In most cases, people avoid interfering with issues concerning other families or individuals including matters relating to violation of children’s rights. Authorities find it difficult to identify children whose rights are been violated since only a small percentage of the population is willing to volunteer the necessary information (Epstein and Schwartz-Kenney 56). For the case of Joshua, it was fortunate enough that his step mother was bold enough to report that he was been abused by his father though in the late stages; after their divorce. The same thing applies to many other people who avoid interfering with other family issues considering them private, or wondering how they will explain it to the authority since they are not related with the children whose rights are been violated in any way. Proving a violation of a child’s rights is at times a difficult task especially if the offender is a close family member like the case of Joshua who was receiving corporal punishment from his own father. Proving a case of child abuse is also a difficult task more so if the victim cannot communicate

Dealing with Diverse People in the Workforce Case Study - 4

Dealing with Diverse People in the Workforce - Case Study Example As mentioned in the introduction, many people have already transferred from place to place and a lot of those people, the so-called immigrants, have already decided to stay and work on the foreign lands they have gone to. Hence, the main effect of this social move on achieving success in other places, the employment of the multicultural population has been the resort to supporting the lives of the said immigrants. Hence, the workforce of every company making up the business industries is at times having the same worries on how to face the challenge of dealing with and managing people who are widely different from each other. Understanding this particular factor suggests that Lael Matthews is indeed facing a particular management dilemma that practically subjects her to a decision that needs to be made abruptly and systematically understanding the fact that this particular decision would directly affect the organization as a whole. Having this responsibility established right upon her shoulder, it could be observed how important her decision is going to be in connection with the growth of the organization that she is standing for. To know how complex the matter is, the definition of the entire situation shall be presented below. There are three managers vying for the promotion that is to be given to only one particular candidate. Among the candidates included three major personnel which included Liz, Roy and Quang Yeh. All particular individuals have had their own chances of serving the organization for quite some time and had been able to find ways to improve the progress of the business for some certain ways in their own remarkable ways. Liz, for example, is a 34-year-old African American woman who has a child and has at least served the company for at least 4 years. She has been noted though to have a high energy level. Practically, the basic reason behind the nomination of Liz for the promotion is the fact that she is an African American woman and that her promotion would boost the confidence of the people working for the organization.

Change and Continuity in Contemporary Business Essay

Change and Continuity in Contemporary Business - Essay Example Denmark has flat organisational structure and informal work culture that facilitate in creating a comfortable working environment. The people of Denmark are straightforward in nature and wish for morality and honesty. The cost of living is quite high in Denmark due to its high salary structure. Furthermore, Danish managers generally have good understanding about satisfying the employees’ requirements. These are major internal aspects which influence on the business of Denmark. The external influences on businesses in Denmark include its strong regulatory system, good economic condition and stable political state. The tax structure in Denmark is comparatively high as the government of Denmark spends considerable money on social welfare activities. Globalisation has also influenced Denmark in numerous aspects. Globalisation is an unavoidable phenomenon which has both positive as well as negative influence on Denmark. On one side, globalisation has generated new prospects for con temporary business, but it also brings in challenges for organisations with respect to requirement of skilled workforce and capability for coping up with the competitors. However, Denmark is quite capable to manage the challenges of globalisation and take advantages of it. The influence of globalisation has been found on employment market, administrative policies, educational system, trade policies and business decision making. Denmark has effectively responded to globalisation’s impact. Due to globalisation, Denmark has reformed the monetary strategies. It has also reorganised the administration by reducing number of states and developing new regulations. Denmark’s entrepreneurship policies are also affected by globalisation with constant focus on entrepreneurial teaching and education. In order to maintain its position in the international economy, Denmark has close relationship with numerous international organisations. The immigration policies of Denmark have also changed considerably with increased focus on Danish language. The government has developed many new educational strategies in order to increase the competitiveness of people. Nevertheless, Denmark requires constant reformation of policies and strategies to get complete benefits from globalisation and tackle every challenge effectively. The government needs to ensure education for every Danish citizen. There is need for upgrading the educational curriculum. Furthermore, the government of Denmark must spend more on research and development functions to preserve the competitiveness of organisations. Strong regulations and effective policies are significant for Denmark to maintain its position in the world as a wealthy nation and retain the desirability of foreign companies. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Literature Review 5 Critical Analysis 11 Conclusion and Recommendations 21 References 23 Bibliography 29 Introduction The report has been developed for analysing the contemporary business in Denmark. The aim of this report is to generate understanding about various internal as well as external factors of Denmark which can influence the business. The report includes position of Denmark in the world economy and influence of globalisation on its policies and decision making. Furthermore, the report also focuses on the effectiveness of Denmark in

Dealing with Diverse People in the Workforce Case Study - 4

Dealing with Diverse People in the Workforce - Case Study Example As mentioned in the introduction, many people have already transferred from place to place and a lot of those people, the so-called immigrants, have already decided to stay and work on the foreign lands they have gone to. Hence, the main effect of this social move on achieving success in other places, the employment of the multicultural population has been the resort to supporting the lives of the said immigrants. Hence, the workforce of every company making up the business industries is at times having the same worries on how to face the challenge of dealing with and managing people who are widely different from each other. Understanding this particular factor suggests that Lael Matthews is indeed facing a particular management dilemma that practically subjects her to a decision that needs to be made abruptly and systematically understanding the fact that this particular decision would directly affect the organization as a whole. Having this responsibility established right upon her shoulder, it could be observed how important her decision is going to be in connection with the growth of the organization that she is standing for. To know how complex the matter is, the definition of the entire situation shall be presented below. There are three managers vying for the promotion that is to be given to only one particular candidate. Among the candidates included three major personnel which included Liz, Roy and Quang Yeh. All particular individuals have had their own chances of serving the organization for quite some time and had been able to find ways to improve the progress of the business for some certain ways in their own remarkable ways. Liz, for example, is a 34-year-old African American woman who has a child and has at least served the company for at least 4 years. She has been noted though to have a high energy level. Practically, the basic reason behind the nomination of Liz for the promotion is the fact that she is an African American woman and that her promotion would boost the confidence of the people working for the organization.

Internet Bullying and the Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet Bullying and the Law - Research Paper Example Cyber bullying needs to be restricted by legal rules and regulations because these laws will deter cyber bullying, these laws are in compliance with ethical standards and cyber bullying needs to be stopped because it is hurting the future of the society. One of the main reasons due to which cyber bullying should be recognized as an illegal act is that it will lead to deterring individuals from indulging in such behaviors. Strict cyber cullying laws are required in order punish those who have already committed the act and even those who are planning to indulge in the act. Individuals are rational beings and they make decisions on the basis of costs and benefits associated with a particular act. If an individual feels that the cost of committing a crime is lower than the benefits that can be derived from indulging in that particular act, they are more likely to indulge in the act. If strict laws restricting cyber bullying are put into action, individuals will take these laws and punishments associated with an act before committing the act and are more likely not to indulge in the act (Vito, 2012, p.52). Anti cyber bullying laws should be in place because these laws are completely ethical and in compliance with ethical standards. According to the ethical standard of utilitarianism, those actions should be considered as legal that result in higher number of benefits and lower number of costs as compared to any other action that may be taken in the same scenario. Anti-bullying laws have more benefits to offer to society as compared to costs. Cyber bullying has resulted in several negative consequences for the entire society. For example: a number of suicides have been reported to take place as a result of cyber bullying. The suicide of Megan Meier a 14year old girl has been attributed to cyber bullying as it was figured out that she was publically harassed by others over

Literature on Recruitment Essay Example for Free

Literature on Recruitment Essay 1.Ours and Ridder (1992) introduced a novel method to test the hypothesis that firms search sequentially based (in which applicants are screened as they show up) on the relationship between the number of (rejected) job applicants and the number of employees hired. The author used data compiled from filled vacancies for the Netherlands. Different types of search methods were distinguished. The results implied that when firms use advertising, private or 76 public employment agencies, which together cover about 45 per cent of filled vacancies, sequential search is rejected. For about 55 per cent of filled vacancies however, sequential search cannot be rejected. In line with theoretical considerations, when firms use search methods that rely on social networks, sequential search cannot be rejected. 2. Gorter, Nijkamp, and Rietveld, (1993) surveyed the Dutch labor market for recruitment channels and its impact on the vacancy duration. The authors found that labor market segmentation plays an important role in the choice of the recruitment channels; in particular, advertising appears to maximize the difference between expected costs and expected benefits when the vacancy concerned belongs to the primary segment of the labor market, while when it belongs to the secondary segment the preferred recruitment channel seems to be the labor exchange office. By using a piece-wise constant hazard rate, they argued that from the analysis of the time pattern of the hazard rate one may conclude that when advertising is used employers search non-sequentially, while if the informal channel is used employers tend to search sequentially. 3. While Gorter and Ommeren (1994) pushed the analysis one step further. The authors concluded that two main recruitment strategies can be identified: a sequential use of search channels, in which the first search channel chosen is usually the informal channel, and additional search channels are activated one after the other; and an â€Å"adding to the pool† strategy in which the first search channel chosen is basically advertisement and later one or more search channels are activated in order to enrich the pool of available applicants. 4. Redman and Mathews (1995) used eleven hundred cases to examine the effectiveness of recruitment advertisements. Findings showed that, in 1980s there was an increase in public sector recruitment advertising (from 20.8 per cent to 37.8 per cent) and a corresponding decrease in private sector (from 79.2 per cent to 62.2 per cent) over the decade. At the same time the authors mentioned two main problems of recruitment advertisement designers. First, with the supply in labour market in 1993, there was a need for limited and selective response from those readily available skills in order to minimise time and cost consumed by screening, short-listing and selection. Second, despite the general over supply of the labour market, skill shortages remained a problem in number of areas. 5. Mencken Winfield (1998) had explored the advantages and disadvantages of informal and formal recruiting practices in external labour markets. The data was analysed from 1981 Metropolitan Employer-Worker Survey (MEWS). Based on random-digit-dial telephone survey of 2,713 adults, the authors had constructed seven dichotomous dependent variables. The author found that cost made employment agencies less attractive to hiring managers for whom quality rather than volume was the primary concern. 6. Carroll, Marchington, Earnshaw and Taylor (1999) in their study on recruitment in small firms, aimed to find out how practices in small firms compare with the perspective â€Å"textbook† procedures; whether those were seen by small firms as appropriate to their needs; the recruitment problems small firms faced, and what strategies they had adopted to overcome them. 7. Kinder (2000) examined a new model for decomposing e-commerce. The paper suggested that use of the Internet in recruitment processes is likely to change the interface between internal and external labor markets for many firms. The paper predicted that the conceptions behind current research programs in labor market theory may require rethinking in the Internet era. 8. Weiss and Barbeite (2001) focused on reactions to Internet-based job sites. To this end, they developed a web-based survey that addressed the importance of job site features, privacy issues, and demographics. They found that the Internet was clearly preferred as a source of finding jobs. In particular, respondents liked job sites that had few features and required little personal information. Yet, older workers and women felt less comfortable disclosing personal information at job sites. Men and women did not differ in terms of preference for web site features, but women were less comfortable providing information online. 9. A study by Lockyer and Scholarios (2004) on selecting hotel staff, considered the nature of â€Å"best practice† for recruitment and selection. Data from Scottish hotels indicated a reliance on 79 informal methods, particularly in smaller hotels. In larger and chain hotels, structured procedures, including references, application forms and panel interviews, were evident, but, these methods were inadequate for dealing with recruitment and quality problems. 10. A research carried by Henkens, Remery and Schippers (2005) on recruiting personnel in a tight labour market aimed to analyse the instruments employers used to contact with potential workers and to find out, to what extent employers rely on traditional means like advertisement in the news paper or do they behave more actively using world wide web, visiting job fares etc. 11. A study conducted by Rafaeli, Hadomi, and Simons (2005) involved a plant located in Israel and focused on three recruitment methods: employee referrals, geographically focused ads (i.e., the local newspaper), and geographically unfocused ads (i.e., a national newspaper). They found that referrals generated more applicants, more hires, and a higher yield ratio (hires/applicants) than geographically focused ads which, in turn, outperformed unfocused ads on these three criteria. 12. A study conducted by Chand and Katou (2007) on the impact of HRM practices on organizational performance in the Indian hotel industry, investigated the affect of HRM systems on organizational performance in the hotel industry in India. A total of 439 hotels, ranging from three-star to five-star deluxe, responded to a self-administered questionnaire that measure 27 HRM practices. Factor analysis was performed to identify HRM systems, and correlation analysis was used to test the relation between HRM systems and organizational performance. The results indicated that hotel performance is positively related to HRM 80 systems of recruitment and selection, manpower planning, job designs, training and development, quality circles, and pay systems. 13. Breaugh (2008) had discussed employee recruitment and its important areas for future research, where he had reviewed research on recruitment topics that have received considerable attention (e.g., recruitment methods, realistic job previews). He had also addressed topics (e.g., targeted recruitment, the site visit) that have received relatively little attention but that have the potential to be quite important. The author suggested that, before making decisions concerning recruitment issues as what recruitment methods to use, an organization should thoughtfully establish its recruitment objectives.

Speed Acceleration And Velocity

Speed Acceleration And Velocity In this chapter we will look at the concepts of speed, acceleration, and velocity. As we all know gravity is a large factor in the acceleration of an object. For the purposes of this chapter we will differentiate between linear and vertical acceleration as being objects that move linearly or horizontally i.e. linear acceleration, versus objects that fall, fly, or are thrown etc. i.e. vertical acceleration. Vertical acceleration is much more governed by the force of gravity and is covered in greater detail in chapter 12 Newtons Laws. A short section at the end of the chapter addressing vertical acceleration is however included to put the area into context. You may have heard the old adage Speed kills. And you know whether you are driving your car or playing sport its a dangerous variable. Fast athletes are very difficult to handle, as are fast cars. However, having speed is of vital importance in sports. In this chapter well look at speed, velocity and acceleration and the factors that influence them. Speed, acceleration and velocity are all different. If you have ever watched a 100 meter race, you will notice that some athletes start faster than others, so their acceleration is different. Athletes finish the race at different times so their speed is different and athletes reach top speed at different stages so their velocity is different. The key terms to be covered in this chapter are speed, acceleration, velocity, distance, displacement, vertical and horizontal acceleration and velocity. The variables of speed, acceleration, displacement, etc. are about linear kinematics. Kinematics is a general term related to describing motion. Kinematics is also a branch of mechanics (specifically dynamics) that evaluates moving objects. In order to accurately describe kinematics there are certain terms that we must fully understand. They include the terms mentioned above (speed, acceleration, and displacement) and distance, velocity and position. Accurate understanding of these terms will allow us to accurately describe the movement of any object. There is often a lot of confusion about the terms acceleration, speed, and velocity. We often use the term speed in everyday language to imply all three terms and the word fast is an even more general term. Consider the following: A person can be moving fast and not be accelerating. A person can accelerate fast and not have a high velocity or high speed. A nice sporting example was the great Boston Celtics player Larry Bird. Larry Bird was very quick to accelerate over three or four steps, was not very fast at his top speed. So while Larry was very quick and dangerous over 3-4 steps, he would not make a good sprinter because his top end speed was not high. So if an object is accelerating, it is changing its velocity. Acceleration has to do with the change in how fast an object is moving. Therefore, if an object is not changing its velocity, it is not accelerating. We know that distance and displacement have different meanings. The same is true for speed and velocity. Speed can be considered as the rate at which an object covers a certain distance. Objects that move slowly cover distances in long periods of time, i.e., low speed. An object moving quickly covers distance in shorter amounts of time, i.e., high speed. If an object is not moving at all it has zero speed, zero velocity and zero acceleration. Let us consider some of these simple terms in more detail. Position: Position is simply the location of an object in space. You could consider it using coordinates on a map for example, or on a field, or gymnasium. Displacement: Displacement is simply the straight line distance an object has travelled. Distance: Distance is how far an object has travelled in any direction. It is also viewed as the total amount of displacement (regardless of ending position). Look at this simple example. Lets say a basketball court from baseline to baseline is 25m. If a player runs baseline to baseline and back what is his displacement and distance? Distance. This is the easy one since he ran up and down the court so that is 25m + 25m = 50m. Displacement. Since the player ran down the court and back again he ended up in the same place he started. So even though he covered a distance of 50m his displacement is actually zero, since he is back where he started. Lets say the player now runs up and down the court twice. His distance covered would be 25m + 25m + 25m +25m = 100m. Since he ended up back where he started his displacement is still zero. Finally, lets say the player runs from one baseline to the other and stops. In this case both his displacement and distance are the same at 25m. For the most part we use distance rather than displacement to describe movements as it is difficult to correctly measure displacement as we make a lot of turns when we travel. You say displacement is really like the old saying as the crow flies which means straight line. For example, the distance you travel in a car from New York City to Boston might be 250 miles (but your displacement is only 175 miles). When you drive in a car you get on the highway and follow the roads around the coast, over bridges, around hills, around towns etc. However, when you fly the plane flies right over everything in a straight line and you end up only travelling 175 miles (your displacement). Speed Speed is a very general term. Speed is a scalar quantity and is described as Distance divided by time (D/T, where D=distance and T=time). Scalar implies that speed has magnitude but not necessarily any direction, for example temperature or volume. People often use speed and velocity interchangeably but they are different. Speed relates to the distance an object has traveled, while velocity refers to the displacement that has taken place. So, the speed of an object tells us how far an object has traveled in a given amount of time but doesnt tell us anything about the direction in which it traveled. It all sounds a little heavy on the definitions but these are important. Therefore: Average speed = Distance traveled (m) Time (s) Now there are also different types of speed. We refer to them as average speed versus instantaneous speed. When an object is moving it often changes its speed (or direction) during its motion. When there is a change in speed we can alter our definitions. Instantaneous speed is the speed at any given instant, while average speed is the average of all the instantaneous speeds. For example, lets say a runner runs 400m in 60 seconds and crosses the line at 18 kmh or 5 m/s. This means his average speed over the 400m was 6.66 m/s even though he crossed the line at 5 m/s which is his instantaneous speed at the finish line. In other words, he was slowing down as he was getting to the end. If you have ever ran a 400m race then you will now how tired you are at the end and are definitely slowing down. How did we do these calculations? Average speed = Distance/time 400m/60 seconds 6.66 m/s The instantaneous speed recording of 5 m/s would have been measured with a radar or timing device. You could also look at various split times for different portions of the race. Many coaches do in fact do this, so a 400m coach might look at each 100m split and look at both the acceleration and deceleration patterns and average speeds during each of the four separate 100 meters. Here is another problem for you to try. Can you calculate the average speed of a swimmer that completes the 200m butterfly in 2.15 seconds? Answer: 2.15 seconds = 135 seconds. So 200m/135 seconds = 1.48 m/s A 400m freestyler swims the race in 4.10 seconds. The 200m split was 2.02 seconds. Can you calculate the following? a. What was the swimmers average speed for the race? b. What was the difference in speed for the first 200m versus the second 200m? Answer: a. 400m/250 seconds = 1.6 m/s b. First 200m split = 1.64 m/s Second 200m split 1.56 m/s As you can see, the swimmer slowed down over the second 200m. Velocity Velocity is somewhat similar to speed but velocity involves both direction and speed. So, whereas speed is a scalar quantity, velocity is a vector quantity, that is, it has both magnitude and direction. Velocity also uses displacement as opposed to distance. Remember displacement is measured as the straight line distance an object travels from starting to ending position. Velocity is direction sensitive since it is dependent upon displacement. Therefore, when you calculate velocity, you must also keep track of direction. Therefore, if you say an airplane has a velocity of 600 kmh, you would actually be a little vague. You should really say the airplane has a velocity of 600 kmh North. So, speed doesnt worry about direction, velocity does. Velocity is a positive number as we dont have negative velocity. So to summarize, a airplane traveling at 600 kmh as a speed of 600 kmh. The same airplane has a velocity of 600 kmh, North. Finally, the same airplane probably had little acceleration in the middle of its trip as it would only need positive acceleration and negative acceleration during take off and landing. Here is an interesting and challenging little problem for you to solve. Can you fill in the following table with acceleration, speed, and velocity data? We know the following, the direction of travel is south and acceleration doubles every second. If youre feeling confident you can also try and calculate the total distance that was covered over the 6 seconds. Hint! You can use the velocity for each second to help you. Average velocity = Displacement Time Let try some additional calculation examples: For example, if an athlete runs around a 400 meter track in 50 seconds we can calculate numerous factors. What was the distance traveled? What was the displacement? What was the average speed? What was the average velocity? 1. What was the distance traveled? Answer: Easy enough = 400 meters 2. What was the displacement? Answer: Since the athlete ended up in the same place as they started, displacement is equal to zero. 3. What was the average speed? Answer: Speed = Distance/Time = 400 m/60 seconds = 6.66 m/sec 4. What was the average velocity? Answer: Velocity = Displacement/Time = 0/60 seconds. In this case we end up with a value of zero and in this scenario average speed is a better indicator of overall performance. In many situations we actually calculate average velocity as speed because we cant gather the correct information to calculate speed. For example, if a punt returner catches the ball on the 20 yard line and then avoids a few tackles to ultimately score a touchdown twelve seconds later, we assume the punt returner ran 80 yards. In fact, they may have run 100 yards with all the turning and weaving but we cant accurately calculate the true distance traveled and instead use displacement. For our purposes in sports, thats okay. You try the following problem. Review Problems Can you accurately calculate average speed, velocity, distance and displacement for each of the following situations? Hint: You may not be able to calculate them all accurately. Problem: 1. A punt returner catches the ball on his own 40 yard line and scores a touchdown nine seconds later. 2. A 100 meter sprinter runs the 100 meter in 10.0 seconds flat. Acceleration The law of acceleration is Newtons second law and basically states The change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed and occurs in the direction in which the force is impressed. So far we have talked about speed and velocity and performed some calculations. However, while speed and velocity are valuable components, they tend to provide us with summary information and very little about specific detail. For example, if we consider the data for a 200 meter race run in 20 seconds we know that average speed was 10 m/sec. However, we would not know any information about who accelerated the fastest or who was leading after 100 meters. This information is also important as it helps with identifying strength and weaknesses in athletes and in developing training programs for particular athletes. The measurement of acceleration is important. Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity. Therefore, when acceleration is zero, velocity is constant. So when an object changes speed either by slowing up or down, or changes direction, it is accelerating (or decelerating). We can calculate acceleration by measuring the difference in velocity over the time it took for that ch ange in velocity to occur. Consider this: If you were to watch a 100M race the person leading at the 50M mark doesnt always win the race. The reason for this is that runners have different acceleration and deceleration rates, in other words their speed changes. Athletes vary dramatically in their acceleration. Some athletes are very fast over 40M but not over 100M and vice versa. So: Acceleration (a) = Velocity2 Velocity1 Where V2 is velocity at T2 Tim Where V1 is velocity at T1 Sometimes you will see this presented as the change in velocity (Delta sign à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  ) or the change in time (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T) A = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  V à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T Look at the following acceleration example. Question: A sprinter leaves the starting block at 2.5 m/s. One second later they are traveling at 5.5 m/s. What is the acceleration rate? Answer: V2 V1 = 5.5 m/s 2.5 m/s = 3 m/s squared T 1 You will note that we end up with meters per second squared as our answer would really be presented as 3 m/s/s. Heres another problem to try. Question: A punt returner catches the ball standing still and begins to return. Two seconds later his velocity was 5 m/s. What was his average acceleration over the first two seconds? Answer: V2 V1 = 5 m/s 0 m/s = 3.5 m/s squared T 2 So far we have looked at relatively straightforward examples of speed, acceleration and velocity in that they have all been examples of horizontal movement. Now let us discuss the vertical components of projectile acceleration, speed and velocity. Factors Affecting Acceleration Linear acceleration is affected by many factors and you will recall from chapter ? that the mass of an object is a very important one. Heavier objects accelerate more slowly with a given force. This has to do with both inertia and mass. Heavier objects are harder to both accelerate and decelerate. Think about how easy it is to throw a basketball versus a medicine ball. There are some other points to consider when looking at acceleration, speed, and velocity. First, we now know the units for velocity are meters per second (m/s) and meters per second squared for acceleration (m/s/s). For speed they are also m/s. Since acceleration (like velocity) is a vector quantity, it also has direction associated with it. The direction of acceleration depends on two factors: a. Whether the object is speeding up or slowing down b. Whether the object is moving in a negative (upwards) or positive (downward) direction We can simplify this by saying that if an object is slowing down then its acceleration is in opposite direction of its motion. If it is speeding up then its acceleration is in the same direction as its motion. Therefore: Acceleration (m/s2) = mass (kg)/force (newtons) Vertical speed, acceleration and velocity If you were to throw a ball up in the air and then catch it again at the same height as you released it, how would the ending velocity be? Would it be greater, less, or the same as the release speed? If you guessed the same you would be correct. You see, all objects, whether traveling vertically or horizontally, are subjected to the constant force of gravity (9.81 m/s2). This means that as soon as the ball left your hands it started to negatively (de)accelerate at 9.81 m/s2 until it had no more velocity. Then, it started to positively re-accelerate over the same distance (and time) at a rate of 9.81 m/s2 until you caught it again. This is a very neat relationship as it allows us to make many calculations based on this constant acceleration force. Projectiles are subjected to both vertical and horizontal components in their motion. The horizontal components are affected by the mass of the object and the acceleration force as previously mentioned. The vertical components are also affected by these two factors plus gravity. Consider this statement: A ball shot horizontally (at zero degrees) has the same vertical component as a ball that is simply dropped with no horizontal velocity. What this means is that if you were to throw a pass from your chest and it hit the ground 15 meters away 1.5 seconds later, and at the same time drop a second ball straight down from the same height, they would both hit the ground at the exact same time. What this is showing us is that the force of gravity component is acting consistently regardless of whether the ball has a horizontal component or not. In other words adding a horizon tal acceleration component does not affect in any way the force of gravity. Remember also that gravitational acceleration is a vector quantity comprising both magnitude and direction and acceleration is a squared variable to the magnitude of the force of gravity. This means that for every second an object is in free fall it will accelerate by ad additional 9.81m/s2. Thus the total distance travelled is directly proportional to the square of the time. Or we could say that if an object travels twice the time it will travel four times the distance. If an object travels for three seconds it will cover nine times the distance, for four seconds it is sixteen times the distance travelled in the first second. Look at the following. A coin is dropped from a cliff. The table shows how fast it is travelling at different time points. Question: A boy drops a ball from a balcony and records a time of 3 seconds for the ball to hit the ground. At what velocity did the ball hit the ground? Answer: 29.43 m/s How do we get this answer? Well, remember that gravity acts as a constant 9.81 m/s2. What this means is that for each second the ball is in flight it accelerates an additional 9.81 m/s. So: Insert schematic to demonstrate after 1 second = 9.81 m/s after 2 seconds = 9.81 m/s + 9.81 m/s = 19.62 m/s after 3 seconds + 19.62 m/s + 9.81 m/s = 29.43 m/s This is a simple illustration of the concept. Next question, what velocity would the ball have to be released at ground height for the boy to catch it on the balcony? Answer: A minimum of 29.43 m/s. The answer is the same because gravity and acceleration (or deceleration) is working to the same effect when the ball is moving upwards. This is sometimes referred to a negative acceleration. Question. A boy is standing on a balcony and is curious about how high the balcony is from the ground. The boy drops a ball and records the time it takes to hit the ground. It took 3.2 seconds for the ball to hit the ground. The boy concludes that the balcony is 66.7m high. How did he work it out? Well at the end of the first second the ball was travelling 9.81m/s, at the end of the second the ball was travelling 19.62m/s, at the end of the third second the ball was travelling 29.43m/s. If you add these three distances together you get 58.86 meters travelled after three seconds. If the ball travelled another full second it would travel another 39.24m, but it only travelled in this zone for 0.2 sec. So, 39.24m x 0.2sec =7.84m. Now we add the 58.86m + 7.84m = 66.7m, and thats our answer. There are some other factors to consider with vertical projectiles. The pattern of change in vertical velocity is symmetrical about the apex of the trajectory. So not only does the object land at the same speed it was released, it also follows the reverse flight path on the way down. Using these constant parameters we can now extend our calculations into more complex situations. For example, lets say you are watching a volleyball game in a high school gym with a 10 meter high ceiling. An opponent spikes the ball over the net and a player digs the ball at ground level at which time the ball has a velocity of 15 m/s. The question is will the ball hit the ceiling? To solve for this we can use an equation that combines several variables we talked about already. Where: V2 = velocity at time 2 V1 = velocity at time 1 a = acceleration t = time In order to answer this question we need to look at what we know and what we want to know. Well, we want to know the distance (d) the ball travels. We already know a = 9.81 m/s2 and we know V1 = 15 m/s. We also know that at the apex the velocity is zero, so V2 can be set to zero. So now our formula looks like this: 1. 0 = V1 squared + 2ad 2. 0 = (15 m/s) squared + 2 (-9.81 m/s squared) x d Now if we rearrange to solve for d our formula looks like: = (19.62 m/s squared) x d = 225 m/s squared = d = 11.47 m The answer is yes! The ball will hit the ceiling as it will travel 11.47 m. Heres another similar problem: A ball is deflected vertically at 18 m/s and the ceiling height is 11 meters. Will the ball hit the ceiling? Factors affecting projectile motion We have discussed several factors that affect the movement (or acceleration) of an object. The factors that affect vertical acceleration are the mass of the object, the force (speed) of release and gravity. Horizontal acceleration is affected only by mass and force of release (application). Gravity is of course a factor but not in determining its horizontal component. But sometimes we want to throw objects e.g. discus, hammer, etc. and while these projectiles are influenced by force and mass, there are other factors that influence how far the projectile will travel. We generally recognize three other factors that influence how far a projectile will travel when a constant force is applied. They are: 1. Angle at which projectile is released. 2. The speed of release. 3. The height of release. The optimum angle of release to increase horizontal displacement is 45 °. Projectiles released at over or below this angle will not reach their greatest distance. Look at Table 1 to see how distance traveled varies with changing angles of release. You will see from table 1 that the optimum angle of release is 45 ° and after that the decrease in distance traveled is symmetrical as height compromises distance (I.e. follows the same pattern as increasing angle of release up to 45 °). The greater the speed of release the greater the distance a projectile will travel. This holds true simply because there is a greater acceleration force applied in the first place. Simply put, if you want to throw a ball further you need also to throw it harder. The greater the height of release the greater the distance a projectile will travel. If you consider field sports in athletics you will notice that most successful hammer, discus and javelin throwers are taller, giving the mecha nical advantage over shorter competitors in that event. If you were to throw a ball from the top of a building it would strike the ground much further away than it would if you were to throw it from standing on the ground. If you have watched a discuss competition or a hammer throw you might notice that these athletes are quite tall (often over 1.9m). The reason for this is that these athletes have an advantage over their shorter counterparts as their angle of release is already several centimeters higher. Summary This chapter has provided a basic introduction to the concepts of speed, acceleration and velocity. We have also looked at how differentiating between these variables is important and sometimes difficult. Using some known constants, such as the accelerating force of gravity (9.81 m/s2) allows us to calculate and even predict the speeds, velocities and flight paths of selected projectiles. We have also discussed other factors that affect projectile motion such as height and speed of release. While this information is very important, it is a basic introduction as there are many other more complex factors affecting speed, acceleration and velocity. We did not talk about shape or design or, indeed materials which also play a role in the way particular objects react to forces. The factors are extremely important but for now are beyond the scope of this text. Following this section are additional problems for you to solve and practice. Review Problems Can you provide a one sentence definition for each of the follow terms? Distance Displacement Acceleration Velocity Speed Position Scalar Vector A ball rolls with an acceleration of -.5 m/s 2. If it stops after 7 seconds, what was its initial speed? A wheelchair marathoner has a speed of 5m/s after rolling down a small hill in 1.5sec. If the wheelchair underwent a constant acceleration of 3 m/s 2 during the descent, what was the marathoners speed at the top of the hill? A runner completes 6.5 laps of a 400m track in 12 mins (720 secs). He starts half way around the bend. Can you calculate the following? a. Distance covered: b. Displacement after 12 minutes: c. Runners average speed: d. Runners average pace: min/mile = A soccer ball is rolling across a field. At T = 0, the ball has an instantaneous velocity of 4 m/s. If acceleration occurs at a constant -0.3 m/s2 how long will it take to stop? A batter strikes a ground ball with an instantaneous velocity of 18m/s. If acceleration occurs at -0.7m/s2 how long will it take to stop?

Analysis of Two In The Campagna by Robert Browning Essay -- Robert Bro

Analysis of "Two In The Campagna" by Robert Browning "Two In The Campagna" is essentially a love poem, written by Browning to capture the tragic and dark aspects of a relationship. The poem commences with romantic images of the couple sitting in the fields of Rome in spring. The first line, starting with 'I wonder' sets the contemplative tone of the piece, and the poet follows one particular trail of thought for several stanzas. Clearly, the poet is trying to capture what cannot be easily confined; he is attempting to articulate a sentiment of fleeting love that perhaps can only be felt. Browning describes the thought floating away over the picturesque scenery: ?Help me to hold it! First it left The yellowing fennel, run to seed There, branching from the brickwork?s cleft?? The flowing lines and use of enjambment represent his thoughts spilling over, almost frolicking through the fields of Rome. This style of poetry is used by Browning regularly: for example in ?Love Among The Ruins? his thoughts flow over from one line to the next ? however the message of this poem is the opposite from ?Two In The Campagna?, as the former depicts the enduring power of passionate love, and the latter describes the natural diminution of feelings after the passionate climax of sex. The poem becomes increasingly vibrant and passionate as the couple evidently become sexually aroused together. In my opinion, the imagery of the beetles inside a flower is incredibly vivid and is one of my personal favourite images in all of Browning?s love poetry: ??Where one small orange cup amassed Five beetles,--blind and green they grope Among the honey-meal?? The images are abundantly fertile, with an intense evocation... ...uch illogically violent ways. However, it does capture the essence of jealousy, possessiveness and the yearning for eternal unity that many people do feel. Browning has evidently taken this to the extreme effectively, as it is his style to shock the reader. In conclusion, Browning uses many different techniques of conveying the complexities of human passion, and does this effectively from many points of view on love. However, it does seem that Browning usually has a slightly subdued, possibly even warped view of love and romance ? and this could be because his own love life was publicly perceived to be ultimately perfect but retrospectively it appears his marriage with Elizabeth Browning was full of doubt and possessiveness, as seen in ?Any Wife To Any Husband? which most critics believe to be based on the troubled relationship between the Browning?s.

Tourette Syndrome Essay examples -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Tourette Syndrome Tourette syndrome is an inherited severe neurological disorder usually occurring before the age of eighteen and is associated with a degree of facial and body tics sometimes accompanied by random declarations of phrases or obscenities (2,3). The facial and body tics associated with the disorder can be painful and even embarrassing. Involuntary body movements such as jaw snapping, gyrating, hopping, and obscene gesturing are to name a few (1). Tourette Syndrome was named after a French neuropsychiatrist named Gilles de la Tourette who successfully assessed the disorder in the late 1800’s(3). Tourette Syndrome claims no specific race or ethnicity. The disorder generally can affect any ethnic group yet it does affect three to four times more males than it does females (3). Although just a mere decade ago Tourette Syndrome was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, Sydenham’s chorea, epilepsy, or nervous habits, its symptoms are now differentiated and specific case related. Tourette Syndrome is a case sensitive genetic disorder that varies from generation to generation. However, not everyone that carries the genetic make up of Tourette Syndrome will express those symptoms (1). Coined as the term autosomal dominate, when one parent is a carrier or expresses symptoms of having Tourette syndrome, there is a 50/50 chance the child will receive the gene from the parent (1,4). There are several behavioral and cognitive difficulties associated with the tics that many with Tourette Syndrome experience. Although Tourette Syndrome may present itself as a disorder of motor and vocal tics, it is much more complex. Commonly linked with Tourette Syndrome is attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity(A... ...r bodies just can’t control. While we think of behavior as a voluntary physical action, Tourette Syndrome reminds us that it is not. Without proper brain function our behavior can become totally involuntary and have a ‘mind’ of its own. Behavior is not a result of a physical bodily movement. Behavior may start in the brain and the type of behavior emitted is thus a result of the manner by which that brain functions. However it is also important to be opened minded and realize that sometimes our bodies can react without direct causation of the brain. Internet Sources: 1)htttp://www.mentalhealth.com/book/p40-gtor.html; Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tourette Syndrome 2)Dictionary.com/tourette syndrome 3)http://www.tsa-usa.org/; Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. 4)http://members.tripod.com/~tourette13/; The Facts About Tourette Syndrome

Readings in Jazz History Essay

Jazz, the music which was born and blossomed in New Orleans at the turn of the twentieth century, later traveled all over the country acquiring new features and forms. The New Orleans jazz style included polyphonic music in which different musical instruments simultaneously play different variations on a particular piece of music and which includes freer rhythmic improvisation. Usually the musical instruments included trumpet, clarinet, and trombone all playing different melody at the same time. Starting from New Orleans jazz traveled to Chicago, Kansas City, New York and others and made them its centers for a certain period. Kansas City jazz flourished in the 1930s, when the town was an entertainment capital during the Depression. The city’s unique sound was largely defined by the reliance of its bands on blues, fast tempos, and simple riff structures. Local bands developed to a high degree in relative isolation from outside influences. The top quality of African-American origin of jazz mattered to many other cities, but did not reach Texas until the middle 1920s. And the impact of the representatives of New Orleans style, so decisive in other parts of the country, was less strongly felt in this region. In contrast, the sound of the blues was pervasive in Texas. Kansas style, distinguished by the rise of larger dance bands, was characterized the inclination for the blues. The Kansas City style as it evolved in the 1920s and 1930s incorporated an informal â€Å"head chart† style relying on simple memorized parts. Among the pioneers of Kansas City jazz were Count Basie band (featuring Lester Young) and Jay McShann band (featuring Charlie Parker). One of the most influential of the Kansas City players from the 1930s was Lester Young. Among his achievements was the change of melodic improvisation in jazz, where he offered an alternative to the hot, syncopated style. Jazz style became distinguished by flowering of cool jazz, a supple manner of phrasing across bar lines, a greater sensitivity to intervals that underlay harmonies, and emotional elevation. Lester elaborated the techniques of jazz improvisation and broadened the music’s emotionality. Among other prominent players was Count Basie whose band worked on refining swing style, music which largely derived from the blues, relied on formal, syncopated arrangements to support soaring, improvised solos. It was propulsive music, infectious and irresistible. Murray’s thesis on the return of Kansas City jazz to its roots in New Orleans seems to be more like nostalgic view. If to look at jazz of the 1930ies more attentively, it will become obvious that it was rather the reconsideration of the true nature of jazz than a throwback. Kansas City jazz again returned to improvisation, to free performance, but improvisation now was intentional, the true jazz musician was that who could play without scores, who could improvise with melody and create off hand. However, if to return to New Orleans’ improvisation, it was predetermined by the lack of education. The musicians of that time were not professionals and many of them just reproduced on the stage the music the way they felt it. So the difference in the grounds for improvisation is the key factor that does not allow the assertion that Kansas style is the throwback to the initial form of jazz to be feasible. â€Å"I can’t stand to sing the same song the same way two nights in succession, let alone two years or ten years. if you can, then it ain’t music, it’s close-order drill or exercise or yodeling or something, not music. † (96) – these words of Billy Holiday convey the general attitude towards the jazz that existed among prominent musicians and jazz critics in the 1930s. The survey of the ideas on jazz music and its nature expressed by such musician as Louis Armstrong, Billy Holiday and Duke Ellington as well as jazz critics Robert Goffin and John Hammond leads to the conclusion that all of them meet in the view on the nature of jazz. Though with different approaches and interpretation both musicians and critics stand up for the idea that real jazz is the music which is not written down and played all times in the same way. In other words all of them uphold the opinion that improvisation is the only key feature of true jazz what makes it easy music. However, as it was mentioned there are still some variances in approaches. Thus, Goffin for example, uses the term â€Å"hot jazz† to define improvised form and claims that â€Å"hot jazz, [is] otherwise known as improvised jazz, a type of music that was in existence long before it was formally tabulated. The epithet â€Å"hot† is applied to any passage â€Å"in which the executant or executants abandon the melodic theme and develop an imaginative structure on the basis of that theme and incorporated with it. † (83) At the same time he points to the problems related to the setting jazz tunes within fixed scores that result in nothing but poor resemblance of real music. He contrasts melodic jazz to hot jazz in favour of latter: â€Å"Melodic jazz has contributed nothing to music and will only be remembered for its unspeakable insipidness; whereas hot jazz is a creative principle which can scarcely fail to affect the music of the future in the most original and unexpected directions†. (84) Special attention Goffin pays to Louis Armstrong, whom he considers â€Å"the supreme genius of jazz† (85). Speaking about Louis Armstrong, he also defends the idea of improvisation to be the true music. He, actually, differentiates between swing and jazz, attributing latter to the contemporary commercialized music. Swing for Armstrong is exactly that type of free music based on improvisation which was practiced in New Orleans thirty years before his time. The same as Goffin does Armstrong rebukes the practice of writing down music, and explains that tendency by the quest for profit of record companies. At the same time, John Hammond distinguishes African-American musical traditions from the popular commercial phenomenon which he refers to as swing that is played predominantly at this time by white bands. He accuses people involved in music business of commercialization of jazz and deprivation it of any value: â€Å"Not the least of the despoilers are the commercial gentlemen, who produce all kinds of ridiculous recorded jazz under the caption â€Å"Swing,† and who are directly responsible for the stunt music that great men like Armstrong play these days. In this society there are always Breakfast Food people to sell their wares by tying them up with something popular†. (103) Hammond stands out in this team by the most fervent wish to surmount racial conflicts in jazz realm. He constantly points out to the fact that Black musicians suffer from being prejudiced by audience and record companies, despite the fact that the jazz is originally black music. Therefore, considering these ideas, we can arrive to the conclusion that all of mentioned participants of jazz world have common understanding of improvised nature of real jazz, and all of them acknowledge that with putting music in the frames of scores the musicians deprive it of its emotional load, feeling and originality. While, the tendency to written scores existed and evolved there must have been an explanation to it. The professionals discussed above agree in view that the main threat to the jazz was the commerce, practiced by record companies that tried to gain maximum profit from popular music of those days. And, as it usually occurs, such practice contributed to the simplification of music. However, looking back, this tendency did not have lethal effect for jazz, while today we can see that jazz did not stumbled in its progress and continues its development appearing in such modern forms as acid jazz, nu jazz etc. Works cited list Walser, Robert. Keeping Time: Readings in Jazz History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999

Media on Children

At an early age books, movies, television, and the Internet influence how our children think and act in a variety of ways. As children grow these media influences become even more powerful. The media influences on children is not always a good influence and parents need to counteract this influence by discussing and monitoring what their children are exposed to. The media often stereotypes people and races. Most children's programming deals in absolutes reinforcing the idea that people are good or bad, stupid or smart and because of their inexperience children will latch onto stereotypes that they see. Parents can counteract this stereotyping by commenting when a group is portrayed inaccurately. Let your children know for example that every blond isn't stupid, and wearing black doesn't make you a bad guy. Point out that everyone has good and bad traits. So, often in the media a character is either good or bad, but in real life this is not the case. The media uses its influence on children to market items and influence your child's desires making them think that they need certain items to be popular or cool. My children often comment on things that they saw in commercials. The other day my son told me that I should get a kitchen chopper, because it can cut things up so much faster than I can using a knife. I replied that I don't need a kitchen chopper because a knife works just fine. Every year children influence their parents spending by convincing them to buy things that the media has portrayed as â€Å"cool†. Children recognize name-brand products at an early age because they see them in the media. My children recognized the McDonalds sign by age three even though we never eat there, because they saw commercials on television. Counteract the marketing by pointing out the faulty logic in commercials. Ask your child if they really think having the latest toy will make them more popular or happy. Children often don't realize that a Barbie won't move around like it does on the commercials or that the elaborate set doesn't come with the toy. Parents can teach their children that things do not equal happiness. Try rewarding with praise and time instead of objects. My children know that they don't get what they see on television and they rarely ask. Life on many television shows and movies is far from normal. They often glamorize potentially destructive behaviors like drinking, drugs, affairs, and intimate teen relationships. As a parent you can counteract the media's influence by pointing out how the actions of the people on screen are potentially dangerous. Alcohol commercials never show the hangovers the next day. Rarely does a teenage girl get pregnant or someone contract a sexually transmitted disease in the media. Research done by both RAND and the University of North Carolina also shows that teenagers who are exposed to more sex talk and acts in the media are more likely to engage in those same behaviors themselves. Dr. Brown, one of the researchers says, â€Å"Teens are defaulting to entertainment media for sexual information because they aren't getting this information in other places. Unfortunately, the media aren't the best sex educators. The media tend to leave out the crucial three C's: commitment, contraception and consequences. † The study on media influence on children also pointed out that parents could have a greater impact on their teen's sexual behavior than the media when they talk about it. Taking the time to discuss the things that our children view in the media will ensure that they are learning the things that we want them to and not the lessons that the media might be teaching thus avoiding negative influence of media.